Yankees Should Have Reviewed the Hit by Pitch

Method for MLB officials to review on-field decisions

Umpires in St. Louis await the ruling.

Major League Baseball (MLB) uses instant replay review to allow league officials to review certain types of plays in order to decide the accurateness of the initial telephone call of the umpires on the field. Reviews may be initiated either by a team's manager with limitations or past the umpires themselves. All instant replay reviews are examined past umpires at the Replay Control Middle in New York City, who have the concluding decision as to whether to uphold or overturn the initial call.

MLB was the last of the four major Due north American professional sports leagues to implement an instant replay review system. Instant replay review was first implemented during the 2008 flavour. Under that organisation, only the umpire coiffure primary could initiate a review, and one or more members of the umpiring crew would review the video at the stadium and render the decision to uphold or overturn the call. Only boundary home run calls could be reviewed, either if the initial call was a home run but might not have been (e.g., spectator interference or a foul ball most the foul pole) or if the initial call was non a home run simply might have been (eastward.g., the ball hit an object such equally a railing beyond the outfield wall and and then bounced back onto the field).^{[1] [2]}

The current instant replay system was implemented in the 2014 flavour. Under the current arrangement, each director is allotted one challenge per game, with additional challenges granted only if the previous one was successful. From the eighth inning on, the umpire crew principal is immune to initiate his own replay review. The umpire crew chief is also allowed to initiate a review during whatever inning if the play in question is a boundary home run call.

Process [edit]

The following plays may be subjected to instant replay review:^[iii]

• Home run or purlieus calls, including placement of runners
• Fair/foul calls on balls hitting into the outfield
• Force plays and tag plays
• Catch/trap calls on balls hit into the outfield, i.e., whether an outfielder cleanly caught a ball on the fly or trapped it against his body
• Whether a runner passed a preceding runner
• Time plays, i.e., whether or not a run scored prior to the third out
• Missed bases
• Scorekeeping bug, including the count, number of outs, score, or substitutions
• Whether a batter was striking by a pitch
• Collisions at home plate (Rule vi.01(i))
• Tag-ups
• Interference on double plays
• Spectator interference

In addition, the crew chief tin can use replay to review the following issues at any time, which is not considered a challenge:

• The count, the number of outs, and the score
• Substitutions
• Batting out of turn
• Rules check

In cases where an appeal is required by rule (e.thousand. missed base, tag-upward), an appeal must be made, and information technology is the phone call on the appeal that is reviewed.

To initiate a manager's challenge, a manager must either enter the field of play and verbally tell the umpire he will use his challenge, or call or betoken the challenge from the top of the dugout, inside 30 seconds later on the end of the play. Teams are allowed to have a replay banana in the booth lookout the replay and talk with a coach via the dugout phone to decide if the squad should claiming the call. A player or autobus in the dugout volition signal to the managing director whether or not to employ the challenge. The managing director must bespeak to hold play within ten seconds after the end of the play in order to wait for his replay berth's determination.

When a play is reviewed, at to the lowest degree two umpires (including the crew main) volition become to an area behind abode plate where they will run across a technician. The technician hands the umpires headsets where they can communicate with the umpires at the Replay Command Heart in New York Urban center. During the review, the replay may exist displayed on the stadium video screen. In one case the phone call is determined, the field technician will exit and the crew chief will signal the final call. If a manager enters the field of play to contend a reviewed call, he will be automatically ejected from the game.^[4]

After being reviewed, umpires will phone call ane of three review outcomes. If the play is confirmed, the umpire found clear and convincing evidence that the original call was correct. If the play is overturned, the umpire found clear and disarming evidence that the original telephone call was incorrect. If the umpire institute no clear evidence to overturn the call, the call stands.^[5]

The replay review lasts no more than two minutes. The clock begins afterwards what is being challenged is established by the crew chief. There are a few exceptions to this fourth dimension limit however, including placement of runners, multiple challenges, technology problems, rules awarding, and director discretion.^[5]

Some plays are non-reviewable, so instant replay cannot be used. These plays include subjective calls, such every bit check swings, infield fly rule, and assurance and strikes. Other calls that are considered not-reviewable are trap plays (infield), foul tips, and mound visit count.^[five]

Background [edit]

Instant replay in MLB actually had been used once before in the 1999 season during a Florida Marlins home game at Pro Player Stadium. This was the start instance in which instant replay was utilized in Major League Baseball game.^[6] While playing the St. Louis Cardinals, Cliff Floyd striking a ball off the tiptop of the left-field scoreboard. Originally ruled a double and and so ruled a home run, National League umpire Frank Pulli changed the call back to a double after consulting a idiot box monitor in the Marlins' dugout. The Cardinals won the game, 5-2, and the Marlins protested the utilize of the TV monitor. The National League Office declared that the umpires erred in using instant replay, and the American League Part concurred that instant replay was non to be used in the future. However, the Marlins' protest was denied on the grounds that information technology was a judgment call rather than a rules violation as such, and the play stood.^[7] MLB did not use instant replay again for almost a decade.^[viii]

Major League Baseball instant replay was instituted on August 28, 2008, by commissioner Bud Selig. "I believe that the extraordinary applied science that nosotros now take merits the use of instant replay on a very limited ground," Selig said. "The system we have in place volition ensure that the proper call is fabricated on dwelling house run balls and volition not cause a significant delay to the game."^[9]

MLB was the last of the four major Us professional person sports leagues to implement an instant replay review organisation. Replay was used 123 times between August 28, 2008, and the determination of the 2010 season (with 48 of those instances resulting in overturned calls).^[10]

Official debut [edit]

Replay made its official, sanctioned MLB debut at Tropicana Field on September 3, 2008, afterward Alex Rodriguez of the New York Yankees striking a ball about the left-field foul pole that was initially ruled a home run by third base of operations umpire Brian Runge. Tampa Bay Rays manager Joe Maddon and catcher Dioner Navarro argued that the ball was foul and asked for a review. After a conversation amidst the umpires, crew main Charlie Reliford allowed the replay to take place and afterward review, upheld the home run call.^[11]

The first instance of an umpire's call existence overturned by instant replay also occurred at Tropicana Field. On September xix, 2008, in the bottom of the 4th inning with two runners on base, Carlos Peña of the Rays striking the ball just over the contend in right field. The umpires originally ruled that at that place was spectator interference, but after several minutes of viewing replays, the umpires returned to the field and signaled it a home run, extending the Rays' pb to 9-0.^[12]

Aside from the ii aforementioned reviews at Tampa Bay, review was used five boosted times during the 2008 regular season: twice at Houston, and in one case each at Seattle, San Francisco, and Philadelphia.

Utilise of instant replay [edit]

On March 16, 2009, during the 2009 Earth Baseball Classic, instant replay was requested for the starting time time in the tournament's history at Dolphin Stadium to give Venezuela a home run against Puerto Rico. Coiffure master Ed Rapuano stated in a postgame press conference that there was never any replay, considering the "war room" in New York Metropolis was unable to transport him a replay of the play in question due to technical difficulties. The umpires, two from the Us and ii from Japan, so worked with a translator to make a final ruling. Iii of the four umpires said they believed information technology was a abode run, and when third-base umpire Hitoshi Watarida was asked by Rapuano if he was "110 percent sure" that it was a home run, Watarida said yes. Nearly 10 minutes after first entering the dugout, the umpires returned to the field and awarded the Venezuelan team with a home run.^[xiii]

Instant replay instead made its WBC debut during the 2013 World Baseball Classic, as umpires upheld a home run call during a Mexico vs. USA game.^[14]

On June nineteen, 2009, instant replay was used twice in a game for the get-go time, during a Detroit Tigers versus Milwaukee Brewers game.

On October 31, 2009, instant replay was used for the first time in a World Series. In the 4th inning of Game 3 of the Globe Series, Alex Rodriguez hit a ball that bounced off the photographic camera in right field. Initially called as a double, the umpires reviewed the play, and adamant that had the camera not been in its location, the ball probably would take left the park, and a home run was awarded to Rodriguez, making the score 3-2.^[xv]

On June one, 2011, Billy Butler of the Kansas City Royals hit a wing ball to left field in the bottom of the ninth inning of a scoreless game confronting the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The ball hit off the argue over the left-field wall and skipped back onto the field. It was ruled a double and Jeff Francoeur held at third. Manager Ned Yost argued that it was a home run. Afterwards review, the umpires accordingly ruled a dwelling house run, granting the Royals a 2-0 victory. This was the second walk-off home run reviewed past instant replay in MLB history.

On August 18, 2011, Justin Morneau of the Minnesota Twins hit a deep wing brawl to right field that appeared to go just to the correct side of the foul pole for a foul ball in a game against the New York Yankees. However, the umpires immediately called it a home run. Yankees managing director Joe Girardi came out to argue the telephone call and ask for a review. The umpires reviewed and ruled that the ball did indeed go past the right side of the foul pole, thus calling it a foul ball. Twins manager Ron Gardenhire came out to contend the phone call and was ejected from the game by home plate umpire Brian O'Nora for arguing a decision to change a phone call after looking at instant replay, which pursuant to MLB rules, results in an automated ejection.^[16]

On September 4, 2011, Hunter Pence of the Philadelphia Phillies hit a fly brawl to deep correct field. Originally ruled a live ball, instant replay showed Florida Marlins right fielder Bryan Petersen was interfered with by multiple fans during his opportunity to catch a ball, nether Rule 2.00 INTERFERENCE (d)(ane) and (2). Later on instant replay review, showtime base umpire and crew main Joe West ruled Pence out nether the provisions of spectator interference, Dominion iii.sixteen, and sent Phillies baserunner Ryan Howard dorsum to first base. For the second time in less than a calendar month, a manager was ejected arguing the instant replay decision: Charlie Manuel was ejected and elected to play the game under protest. On September 7, 2011, MLB VP of Baseball Operations Joe Torre denied the commencement ever protestation associated with authorized instant replay usage.^[17]

Changes for 2014 [edit]

Instant replay was not expanded in 2012, and Torre confirmed that instant replay would again not exist expanded in fourth dimension for Opening Twenty-four hour period 2013, putting off plans for another flavor.^[xviii] On Baronial xv, 2013, Major League Baseball announced that information technology would expand its video review process for the 2014 season, granting managers one challenge over the first six innings of games and ii from the seventh inning until the end of the game. Calls that are challenged would exist reviewed past a crew in MLB headquarters in New York City, who make the final ruling.^[19]

As part of the 2014 collective bargaining agreement betwixt MLB'south owners and players marriage (MLBPA), and approval by the umpires union (WUA), 2 additional elements were added to the replay rules. Instant replay was expanded to include fair and foul calls and balls that are defenseless or trapped past the player catching the ball. Information technology likewise expanded interference reviews beyond the home run purlieus to all walls.

2013 Arizona Fall League testing [edit]

Following the conclusion of the 2013 World Serial, MLB announced it would exam expanded instant replay equally proposed for 2014 for a week's slate of games in the Arizona Fall League.^[20] During the second inning of the Tuesday, November 5 Solar Sox-Rafters game played at Talking Stick Resort Arena, kickoff base umpire Sean Hairdresser ruled batter C. J. Cron out at kickoff base of operations on a close play. Manager Bill Richardson approached plate umpire Hal Gibson to challenge the play, initiating the first video review conducted past off-field umpires and relayed via headset to the plate umpire; Barber's out phone call was upheld after the review. In full, four plays were reviewed during the debut game, with instant replay affirming the umpire'due south on-field call all iv times.^[21]

The first overturned telephone call occurred during November 6's Rafters-Scorpions game when umpires used replay to reverse an out telephone call on a stolen base attempt. The game also featured a rare multi-replay challenge, equally video review upheld two umpiring calls in ane play: batter Kyle Kubitza's bear upon of second base too as his slide into third base ahead of a tag.^[22]

In total, fifteen calls were challenged with three overturned upon instant replay review, resulting in a twenty% overturn rate.^[23]

Expanded replay canonical for 2014 [edit]

To accommodate the anticipated expansion of instant replay, MLB promoted seven small-scale league umpires to the total-time major league staff on January 14, 2014.^[24] 2 days after, on January 16, MLB officially appear the blessing of expanded instant replay for utilise during the 2014 season, whose terms were modified after negotiations with the MLBPA and WUA.^[25] According to the terms, managers were allotted 1 claiming per game (two if the first challenge resulted in an overturned phone call) while the umpiring crew chief was empowered to initiate a review in the seventh inning and beyond. The umpires were besides allowed to review a dwelling run call at whatsoever fourth dimension. Once a call was challenged or an umpire requested a video review, fellow umpires in New York's Replay Control Center watched video of the play in question using the "indisputable video bear witness" standard when deciding whether to overturn a call. The post-obit plays were reviewable under the arrangement:

• Basis-rule doubles
• Fan interference calls
• Boundary calls (managers may not, however, challenge home run or potential habitation run calls)
• Force plays at all bases, except whether a centre infielder touched second base during the attempt to "turn" a double play
• Tag plays on the base of operations paths—whether a runner was tagged or whether the runner touched a base of operations (an appeal is nevertheless required ahead of the latter)
• Off-white/foul calls on assurance hit into the outfield
• Catch/trap calls on assurance hit into the outfield
• Time plays (whether or non a run scored prior to the third out)
• Whether a runner passed a preceding runner
• Scorekeeping issues, including the count, number of outs, score or substitutions

Judgment calls non specified above, including, but not limited to, pitches called ball or strike, obstruction, interference, the infield wing rule, and checked swings are not reviewable.

On March 31, 2014, the first instant replay challenge under the new system occurred when Chicago Cubs manager Rick Renteria challenged a potential double play in the top of the fifth inning confronting the Pittsburgh Pirates, disputing the phone call on the field that bullpen Jeff Samardzija was out at start.^[26] The umpires confirmed the telephone call on the field, and the Cubs lost the challenge. From announcement of the challenge to confirmation of the call, the process took 1 infinitesimal, xl seconds, longer than MLB's hope of 60 to ninety seconds per review. After that day, the get-go successful challenge took place when Atlanta Braves managing director Fredi González challenged the call of a Ryan Braun single. It was overturned to an out in a review that took 58 seconds, although the Braves lost the game to the Milwaukee Brewers ii-0; coincidentally, former Brewers owner and MLB commissioner Bud Selig was in attendance for the start successful challenge. Moments afterward, the aforementioned Cubs–Pirates game had the 2d overturned phone call (and the offset in extra innings) when Emilio Bonifacio was called safe on a pickoff attempt by Bryan Morris. Pirates manager Clint Hurdle successfully challenged the phone call, which was said to accept influenced the outcome of the game, a i-0 Pirates victory.^[27] Finally, the kickoff umpire-initiated review took place in a game betwixt the Oakland Athletics and Cleveland Indians when umpire Mike Winters wanted to ostend that Oakland catcher John Jaso did not unnecessarily block the plate as Michael Brantley attempted to score.^[28]

Equally of the 2014 All-Star Interruption, instant replay was generally well received past managers, players, and umpires. Managers challenged 606 calls, or an average of one every two.35 games, of which 52% were overturned. Including situations where umpires requested the Replay Operations Center to review a call, 47.7% of calls were overturned. Yet, MLB informally allows up to 30 seconds to accept the team's video coordinator indicate a call to the manager. When situations where the manager comes out on the field to await a decision from a team video coordinator are included, MLB estimates the percentage of calls overturned decreases to 21%. The average replay review takes 1 infinitesimal, fifty seconds, which is college than MLB's original goal of ninety seconds per review.^[29]

One side effect has been the improver of 12 new umpires—the most since 1999—to MLB's staff, due to the need to staff the Replay Command Center with 2 crews. Still, statistics show that umpiring quality has remained constant despite the additions, with four out of the top seven umpires with reversals those who have umpired more than ane,600 games.^[29]

Changes for 2015 [edit]

In 2015, many changes regarding instant replay were made. Managers could invoke instant replay from the dugout and were no longer be required to approach the calling umpire to challenge a call. Managers could hold play from the tiptop step of the dugout by signaling to players and the dwelling plate umpire that they are considering a claiming. A determination could be communicated verbally or with a manus indicate. To challenge an inning-ending call, managers are required to leave the dugout immediately in guild to concord the defensive squad on the field.^[thirty]

Tag-up plays became reviewable, to aid determine if a player touched the base earlier continuing or not. A director now retains his challenge after every call that is overturned, every bit opposed to the 2014 standard that immune a challenge to be retained only after the first overturned call. A manager must apply a claiming in order to review whether a play at dwelling plate included a violation of the rule governing home plate collisions. However, in the event that a manager is out of challenges subsequently the start of the 7th inning, the crew principal may withal choose to review whether in that location was a violation of the dominion. During postseason games, regular season tiebreaker games, and the All-Star Game, managers are given 2 challenges per game. Instant replay was not utilized during 2015 spring training, simply information technology was in place for exhibition games at Major League ballparks prior to the start of the 2015 regular flavor.^[30]

References [edit]

1. ^ "Major League Baseball game approves expanded instant replay, managers can challenge up to two calls a game". Daily News. New York.
2. ^ "MLB clubs unanimously approve expansion of instant replay". Major League Baseball . Retrieved August 5, 2015.
3. ^ "Ground Rules | MLB.com".
4. ^ "All systems go with expanded instant replay for Major League Baseball | MLB.com: News". Archived from the original on March xxx, 2014.
5. ^ ^{a b c} "2019 INSTANT REPLAY RULES". Baseball Rules Academy. March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
6. ^ "Marlins object to umps watching TV". CNN. June i, 1999.
7. ^ "Marlins' 'Replay' Protestation Denied". Los Angeles Times. June 4, 1999.
8. ^ "NL president: Umpire erred in consulting replay". CNN. June ii, 1999.
9. ^ Back-scratch, Jack (August 27, 2008). "Baseball game to Utilize Replay Review on Homers". New York Times . Retrieved October one, 2008.
10. ^ "Instant Replay at a Glance". October 20, 2010.
11. ^ "Instant replay goes off without a hitch". Major League Baseball . Retrieved August 5, 2015.
12. ^ "Rays' Pena shines, receives MLB's beginning replay reversal in rout of Twins". ESPN.com . Retrieved August 5, 2015.
13. ^ "World Baseball Classic: Umpires don't apply replay in Classic". World Baseball Archetype . Retrieved Baronial 5, 2015.
14. ^ "Instant Replay Debuts at World Baseball Classic", Close Call Sports, March viii, 2013
15. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Motorcar: "WS 2009 Gm 3: A-Rod is awarded a dwelling house run on review". YouTube.
16. ^ "Ejections: Brian O'Nora (1)". Close Phone call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League . Retrieved August 18, 2011.
17. ^ "Ejections: Joe West (7)". Close Call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League . Retrieved September four, 2011.
18. ^ "Expanded Replay Not on Par for Opening Twenty-four hours 2013", Close Call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League, February 19, 2013
19. ^ "MLB to expand instant replay in 2014". ESPN.com. Baronial 15, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
20. ^ "Instant replay testing to be conducted at Arizona Fall League." MLB (Press release). Nov i, 2013.
21. ^ "AFL Instant Replay Update: Umpires Perfect in Game 1." Shut Phone call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League. Retrieved November six, 2013.
22. ^ "AFL Instant Replay Update: Video Reverses Phone call in Game ii." Close Call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
23. ^ "AFL Instant Replay: 20% of Challenged Calls Overturned." Close Telephone call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League. Retrieved November x, 2013.
24. ^ Imber, Gil. "Confirmed: MLB Hires 7 New Umpires to Full-Time Staff." Shut Phone call Sports/Umpire Ejection Fantasy League. Retrieved January xiv, 2014.
25. ^ "MLB clubs unanimously approve expansion of instant replay." Major League Baseball game (Press Release). Retrieved Jan 17, 2014.
26. ^ MLB [@MLB] (March 31, 2014). "MLB umpire Larry Vanover (right) & MLBAM technician Timothy Akins handled first review under the new replay system" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
27. ^ "Major League Baseball game launches expanded replay era". Yahoo Sports. Apr 1, 2014. Retrieved August v, 2015.
28. ^ "A's lose major league-record 10th direct Opening Day game". ESPN.com . Retrieved August v, 2015.
29. ^ ^{a b} Paul White, U.s. TODAY Sports (July 20, 2014). "What are the early returns on MLB instant replay?". United states TODAY . Retrieved August v, 2015.
30. ^ ^{a b} "Press Releases". Major League Baseball . Retrieved Baronial 5, 2015.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_replay_in_Major_League_Baseball

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